Organizations Are Not Machines

Growing complexity and dynamism characterize this world and most organizations. This book aims to provide a better understanding of the associated increase in turbulence of organizations and how to master it. It shows that organizations are not machines but should be understood and managed as living beings. The authors describe how this systemic way of thinking has been found in many disciplines since the mid-1940s and, as a cybernetic approach, is networked with biological, sociological, psychological, technical, and chaos theory approaches.